Dr. Xie's broad research area is on spatial data science and artificial intelligence (a.k.a. GeoAI). One size AI does not fit all. Direct applications of traditional AI techniques on spatial data and problems often fall short due to key challenges including spatial heterogeneity, limited training data, etc. Dr. Xie's work investigates novel techniques and theoretical insights to bridge these gaps in applications such as smart cities, agriculture, Earth observation, transportation, etc.