Ursula Bilitewski has many years of experience in bioanalytical methods. She has started with the development of enzyme electrodes based on screen-printing technology, which is nowadays one of the most frequently used technologies for the industrial production of glucose test strips. This work was complemented by the development of optical affinity sensors using antibodies, receptors and oligonucleotides as binding molecules. Besides the development of suitable surface and immobilisation chemistries, demonstrators and miniaturised systems for the application to food, environmental and bioprocess analysis she became interested in the biological sensing mechanisms and corresponding signal transduction mechanisms.