PD-L1 Expression As a Predictive Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Between a Dream and a Nightmare

Joseph Zouein,Carole Kesrouani,Hampig Raphael Kourie

Immunotherapy（2021）SCI 4区

St Joseph Univ Beirut

Cited 21|Views0

Abstract

PD-L1 is an important predictive biomarker for treatment by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs are now indicated for the treatment of various cancer depending on the level of expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells. PD-L1 testing is done using immunohistochemistry with five different assays approved as companion diagnostic for ICIs. However, these assays have different score reporting methods and do not accurately measure PD-L1 expression. Exosomal PD-L1 testing has recently emerged as an alternative for cell-surface PD-L1 testing however studies are still premature and more extensive knowledge about this new potential biomarker is needed.

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Key words

28-8,73-10,anti-PD-1,anti-PD-L1,atezolizumab,durvalumab,ExoPD-L1,exosomal PD-L1,IHC assays,ipilimumab,nivolumab,PD-L1,pembrolizumab,SP142,SP263

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Pretraining has recently greatly promoted the development of natural language processing (NLP)
We show that M6 outperforms the baselines in multimodal downstream tasks, and the large M6 with 10 parameters can reach a better performance
We propose a method called M6 that is able to process information of multiple modalities and perform both single-modal and cross-modal understanding and generation
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