Mast Cells in the Skin: Defenders of Integrity or Offenders in Inflammation?

Martin Voss,Johanna Kotrba,Evelyn Gaffal,Konstantinos Katsoulis-Dimitriou,Anne Dudeck

International journal of molecular sciences（2021）SCI 2区SCI 3区

Otto von Guericke Univ | Univ Hosp Magdeburg

Cited 26|Views6

Abstract

Mast cells (MCs) are best-known as key effector cells of immediate-type allergic reactions that may even culminate in life-threatening anaphylactic shock syndromes. However, strategically positioned at the host–environment interfaces and equipped with a plethora of receptors, MCs also play an important role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Their main characteristic, the huge amount of preformed proinflammatory mediators embedded in secretory granules, allows for a rapid response and initiation of further immune effector cell recruitment. The same mechanism, however, may account for detrimental overshooting responses. MCs are not only detrimental in MC-driven diseases but also responsible for disease exacerbation in other inflammatory disorders. Focusing on the skin as the largest immune organ, we herein review both beneficial and detrimental functions of skin MCs, from skin barrier integrity via host defense mechanisms to MC-driven inflammatory skin disorders. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of IgE-independent pathways of MC activation and their role in sustained chronic skin inflammation and disease exacerbation.

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Key words

mast cells,innate immunity,host defense,inflammatory skin disorders

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