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How do bacteria navigate surfaces using pili-based motility?
Bacteria use tiny "grappling hooks" called pili to pull themselves across solid surfaces. We discovered that surface attached bacteria can sense chemical gradients and use this information to navigate to where nutrients are more abundant (Oliveira, Foster, Durham, PNAS, 2016).
I recently received a BBSRC New Investigator grant to resolve the molecular and physical systems that underlie this remarkable ability.
How do bacteria compete in porous soil environments?
Bacteria living in porous environments (like soil and sediments) constitute approximately half of the carbon within living organisms globally.
While these bacteria play a key role in agriculture, biogeochemical cycling, pollutant transport, oil extraction, and hydrology, we understand very little how bacteria compete with one another in these heterogenous environments.
My group uses a combination of microfluidic experiments, genetics, mechanistic models, and game theory to understand how bacterial competition plays out in porous environments.
In a recent paper we showed porous environments can actually select for bacteria that grow more slowly, challenging a long-held paradigm in microbiology (Coyte Tabuteau, Gaffney, Foster, Durham, PNAS, 2017).
How does flow affect phytoplankton ecology in marine systems?
Unicellular plants called phytoplankton compose the base the marine food web and cumulatively produce half of the oxygen that we breathe.
Our work has revealed has ambient flow in the ocean can drive striking accumulations of phytoplankton, which in turn can profoundly both phytoplankton ecology and the fisheries which they sustain.
We use a combination of laboratory models, simple theoretical models, and supercomputer-based numerical simulations to resolve how fluid flow interacts with phytoplankton motility across a range of different length scales.
Recently, we showed that chain formation can profoundly enhance phytoplankton's ability to swim through the small-scale turbulence that is ubiquitous in marine environments (Lovecchio, Climent, Stocker, Durham, Science Advances, 2019).
How do bacteria coordinate their motility within densely packed biofilms?
Many bacterial infections are caused by densely packed collections of bacteria called biofilms, which spread along surfaces using pili-based motility. In biofilms, rod shape bacteria tend to align their motility with one another, which gives rise to highly coordinated collective behaviour.
My group aims to unravel the physical and molecular systems that bacteria use to efficiently move within these biofilm communities.
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Benjamin H. Andersen, Francisco M. R. Safara, Valeriia Grudtsyna,Oliver J. Meacock, Simon G. Andersen,William M. Durham,Nuno A. M. Araujo,Amin Doostmohammadi
arxiv(2024)
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