PhD (1996) University of Oslo. Research interests: Conifer defence against insects and fungi. Interactions between bark beetles, bluestain fungi, and conifer defense mechanisms. Induced resistance in Norway spruce (Picea abies) against bark beetles (Ips typographus) and bluestain fungi. Priming of conifer defences using e.g. methyl jasmonate. Effects of climate change on forest insects. Management of insect pests on spruce and pine.