PhD in Chemistry. Doctorate in Plant Nutrition in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry at Universidad Autónoma of Madrid (Spain). I have worked since 1990 in understanding the mechanisms of plants to cope with stress induced by toxic metals (Visiting fellow at the Long Ashton Research Centre, Bristol, UK). I studied the contribution of nitrogen nutritional status in metal homeostasis. Part of my work is now focused on signalling processes, and oxidative stress responses under abiotic and biotic stress; lately our research is moving towards the role of phytohormones under metal stress. I got expertises in Cell Biology and Plant Molecular Biology techniques at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK (3.5 years postdoc in the Department of Genetics), and at The Agricultural University of Wageningen, The Netherlands (9 moths postdoc in the Department of Plant Molecular Biology). I am currently Professor of Plant Physiology in the Department of Biology at Universidad Atónoma of Madrid, Spain.