Background

Metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) remains notoriously treatment-refractory, particularly to immunotherapy; however, recent promise has been demonstrated with chemoimmunotherapy combinations.^1,2 REVOLUTION is an adaptive platform trial, designed to further these advancements by assessing the safety and antitumor activity of parallel, novel chemoimmunotherapy combinations in patients with untreated mPDAC. Coupled with deep immune biomarker profiling, this approach will enable rapid insights from each combination, generating data to be leveraged for future cohorts. REVOLUTION also builds upon the collaborative framework between academic, nonprofit and industry partners, laid by the PRINCE trial.¹

Methods

REVOLUTION is an open-label, non-randomized, exploratory platform trial. Each cohort utilizes a Simon two-stage design: Stage 1 enrolling n=15 patients, expansion to Stage 2 (an additional n=15 patients) based on the totality of safety, efficacy and biomarker analyses.

Key inclusion criteria

histologically or cytologically confirmed, treatment-naïve, recurrent or de novo mPDAC, measurable by RECIST 1.1. Primary endpoints: safety, as assessed by the incidence and severity of adverse events. Secondary endpoints: ORR (per RECIST 1.1), DCR, DOR, PFS, and OS. Exploratory endpoints: pharmacodynamics and association of tumor, blood, and stool biomarkers with clinical activity. Three cohorts are underway, all using a backbone of standard-of-care gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (gem/nP). Cohort A: nivolumab + ipilimumab + gem/nP. We hypothesize chemotherapy will induce antigen release, ipilimumab will enhance T cell activation, proliferation and tumor infiltration, and nivolumab will overcome immunosuppression while re-invigorating therapeutically relevant T cells. Cohort B: high-dose hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an autophagy inhibitor, + ipilimumab + gem/nP. The same mechanisms of action for chemotherapy and ipilimumab as Cohort A are hypothesized, with HCQ augmenting T cell priming and cytotoxicity by upregulating MHC-1.³ Cohort C: NG-350A, an intravenously administered adenovirus that selectively replicates in tumor cells and expresses a fully human agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibody, + ipilimumab + gem/nP. The same mechanisms of action for chemotherapy and ipilimumab as Cohorts A and B are hypothesized, with NG-350A re-programming the tumor microenvironment, activating antigen-presenting cells, and facilitating immune priming.⁴ In accordance with recent findings, all current cohorts are also testing a novel dosing schedule of ipilimumab (2 doses at 1 mg/kg, Q6W).⁵

Results

Cohorts A and B are fully enrolled for Stage 1 and accumulating data to support an expansion decision. Cohort C is in development.

Acknowledgements

We extend our gratitude to the patients and their families, as well as the clinical investigators and their site teams for making this trial possible. We also thank Jay Campbell and Samik Upadhaya at Cancer Research Institute for their collaboration. The study is funded by Cancer Research Institute, 1440 Foundation, Bristol Myers Squibb and PsiOxus Therapeutics, Ltd. Study drug is supplied by Bristol Myers Squibb and PsiOxus Therapeutics, Ltd.

Trial Registration

NCT04787991

References

O’Hara MH, O’Reilly EM, Varadhachary G, Wolff RA, Wainberg ZA, Ko AH, et al. CD40 agonistic monoclonal antibody APX005M (sotigalimab) and chemotherapy, with or without nivolumab, for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: An open-label, multicentre, phase 1B study. Lancet. Oncol. 2021;22(1):118–31. Padrón LJ, Maurer DM, O’Hara MH, O’Reilly EM, Wolff RA, Wainberg ZA, et al. Sotigalimab and/or nivolumab with chemotherapy in first-line metastatic pancreatic cancer: Clinical and immunologic analyses from the Randomized Phase 2 prince trial. Nat. Med. 2022;28(6):1167–77. Yamamoto K, Venida A, Yano J, Biancur DE, Kakiuchi M, Gupta S, et al. Autophagy promotes immune evasion of pancreatic cancer by degrading MHC-I. Nature. 2020;581:100–105. Rosen LS, Camidge DR, Khalil D, Lillie T, Carter J, Krige D, et al. 1011P FORTITUDE phase I study of NG-350A, a novel tumour-selective adenoviral vector expressing an anti-CD40 agonist antibody: Monotherapy dose escalation results. J. Clin. Oncol. 2022;40(16_suppl):2559–2559. Postow MA, Goldman DA, Shoushtari AN, Warner AB, Callahan MK, Momtaz P, et al. A phase II study to evaluate the need for > two doses of nivolumab + ipilimumab combination (combo) immunotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 2020;38(15_suppl):10003–10003.

Ethics Approval

This study is approved by the WCG IRB, reference number 20203790.