Dr. Sam H.-Y. HSU’s research interests involve the material design, synthesis, processing, imaging, spectroscopy as well as energy and environmental applications, aiming to explore fundamental properties and dynamic interactions of organic and inorganic materials for developing efficient energy-conversion and energy-saving processes. He has keen interests in photoinduced charge transfer processes, interfacial electron transfer, electrochemical hydrogen generation, and photoredox reactions for electricity generation, solar fuel production, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), wastewater treatment as well as food waste management. The investigations between material phenomena and device performance rely heavily on experimental and theoretical concepts of energy and environmental engineering, consisting of photophysics, electrochemistry, photoelectrochemistry by utilizing scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy (SECM) imaging, ultrafast transient absorption (TA), time-resolved photoluminescence spectra (TRPL) and so forth.