Research Interests Models of Industrial Innovation. Organizing, structuring and managing internal and external research and development. Technology-based spinoffs, and corporate venture capital. Managing intellectual property. Comparative innovation in high technology industries between the US, Japan and Western Europe. Author of numerous books on open innovation, including: Open Innovation, HBS Press, 2003 Open Business Models, HBS Press 2006 Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm, Oxford University Press, 2006 (with Wim Vanhaverbeke and Joel West) Open Services Innovation, Jossey-Bass, 2011 New Frontiers in Open Innovation, Oxford University Press, 2014 (with Wim Vanhaverbeke and Joel West)