His research interests have focused on energy and environment, in particular climate change and the economics of mitigation in the context of poverty and sustainable development. He has written on topics including transparency, equity and comparative analysis of mitigation actions in developing countries. His future interests are focused on inequality and mitigation. Prof Winkler’s research has informed energy and climate policy at the national level and multi-lateral negotiations. Harald led the research work underpinning South Africa’s Long-Term Mitigation Scenarios (LTMS). From 2010 to 2015, he co-directed a large programme called MAPS – Mitigation Action Plans and Scenarios, sharing the LTMS experience with governments, researchers and facilitators in other developing countries.