Dr Ohlsson has made significant contributions to the osteoporosis field with a special focus on “the hormonal regulation of bone growth and metabolism, and more recently, the genetics of bone mass and fractures”. During his whole career, he has combined his scientific work with clinical work as a senior consultant with board certificate in clinical pharmacology at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. His translational research aims to improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis, often starting from unique Swedish cohort studies followed by mechanistic molecular studies. He has identified genetic, non-invasive imaging and biochemical markers of osteoporosis and fracture susceptibility and his subsequent mechanistic studies have unravelled novel osteoporosis drug targets. Starting from a human genetic finding, he identified a new mechanism for the regulation of fracture susceptibility. Furthermore, he demonstrated that the gut microbiota regulates bone mass and this finding opened up the new research field osteomicrobiology. He is the author of >600 articles.