Complexity theory

Complexity theory, which describes the workings of complex systems, highlights the hitherto largely under-recognised power of group learning. Workplaces, such as hospitals and corporates, are ubiquitous sites of such powerful group learning. After an outline of complexity theory and its applicability to the social sciences, the chapter argues that the theory enables a deeper understanding of ubiquitous human experiences, in daily work and life practices. To achieve a common purpose, humans usually form small groups (typically consisting of 2 to about 12 members), called co-present groups. The holistic functioning of these groups (especially affectively), using practical judgements, generates novel and often unpredictable learnings from which, eventually, new knowledge and identities may emerge. Five features of this learning are discussed, drawing upon a detailed Case Study (the 2018 Thai cave rescue of a trapped football team): emergence in every sense. Finally, the significance of complexity theory for workplace learning, in relation to other sociomaterialities and epistemologies, is discussed.