Characteristics of elevated aerosol layer over the Indian east coast, Kattankulathur (12.82oN, 80.04°E): A northeast monsoon region

The elevated aerosol layer (EAL) plays a vital role in weather and climate by modifying the Earth's radiation budget. In the present study, the EAL occurrence and its characteristics in the pre-monsoon season using micropulse lidar (MPL) observations during 2016–2018 and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) during 2007–2018 over Kattankulathur is being reported. We have collected 147 days (101 cases) of MPL (CALIPSO) observations during clear sky conditions in the pre-monsoon 2016–2018 (2007–2018), out of which EAL is observed for 56 days (61 cases). The EAL width is generally found to be ~2.0 km and occurs between ~1.0 km and 5.0 km. Three different types of EALs are categorized based on their altitudinal occurrence using the zero-crossing method. The EALs with their base at ~1.0–1.5 km, ~1.5–2.0 km, and ~ 2.0–3.0 km are taken as types I, II, and III, which occur for 9, 20, and 27 days, respectively. The EAL significantly modifies the total columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). It is found that AOD, in total, within ABL and EAL, are ~0.72 (0.61), 0.28 (0.25), and 0.45 (0.36) using MPL (CALIPSO), respectively. The aerosols within ABL contribute ~38 % (41 %) while EAL ~ 62 % (59 %) to the total AOD obtained using MPL (CALIPSO). We observed that the ABL and EAL are characterized by different aerosol subtypes, such as dust marine (31 %) and smoke (~ 27 %) aerosols. Other aerosol subtypes, such as dust and polluted dust, commonly occur within the ABL (54 %) and EAL (52 %).