Constraints on Non-Thermal Pressure at Galaxy Cluster Outskirts from a Joint SPT and XMM-Newton Analysis

Arnab Sarkar,Michael McDonald,Lindsey Bleem, Mark Bautz,Bradford A. Benson, Priyanka Chakraborty,Catherine E. Grant,Christine Jones,Florian Kéruzoré,Eric D. Miller, Scott Randall, Charles Romero, Taweewat Somboonpanyakul,Yuanyuan Su

arxiv（2025）

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Abstract

We present joint South Pole Telescope (SPT) and XMM-Newton observations of 8 massive galaxy clusters (0.8–1.7×10^15 M_⊙) spanning a redshift range of 0.16 to 0.35. Employing a novel SZ+X-ray fitting technique, we effectively constrain the thermodynamic properties of these clusters out to the virial radius. The resulting best-fit electron density, deprojected temperature, and deprojected pressure profiles are in good agreement with previous observations of massive clusters. For the majority of the cluster sample (5 out of 8 clusters), the entropy profiles exhibit a self-similar behavior near the virial radius. We further derive hydrostatic mass, gas mass, and gas fraction profiles for all clusters up to the virial radius. Comparing the enclosed gas fraction profiles with the universal gas fraction profile, we obtain non-thermal pressure fraction profiles for our cluster sample at >R_500, demonstrating a steeper increase between R_500 and R_200 that is consistent with the hydrodynamical simulations. Our analysis yields non-thermal pressure fraction ranges of 8–28 R_500 and 21–35 weak-lensing mass measurements are available for only four clusters in our sample, and our recovered total cluster masses, after accounting for non-thermal pressure, are consistent with these measurements.

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【要点】：本文研究了南卡罗来纳州因药物过量导致的潜在寿命损失不平等，特别是阿片类药物过量对过早死亡率的影响，揭示了性别、种族和城乡之间的死亡负担差异。

【方法】：通过分析2014至2018年间涉及阿片类药物、可卡因、苯二氮卓类和兴奋剂的3,726份死亡证明，使用潜在寿命损失年（YPLL）来考察死亡负担的性别、种族和地理差异，并评估合成阿片类药物对总阿片类药物死亡负担的贡献及对平均寿命的影响。

【实验】：实验使用了2014至2018年南卡罗来纳州的死亡证明数据集，发现阿片类药物过量导致的死亡使得男性与女性的平均寿命分别缩短了2.8年和3.9年，合成阿片类药物在阿片类药物死亡负担中的比例从2014年的22%上升至2018年的64%，且死亡负担在不同种族、性别以及城乡地区之间分布不均。

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