COSMOS Spectroscopic Redshift Compilation (first Data Release): 165k Redshifts Encompassing Two Decades of Spectroscopy
arXiv · Astrophysics of Galaxies（2025）
Abstract
We present the COSMOS Spectroscopic Redshift Compilation encompassing 20 years of spectroscopic redshifts within the 2 deg^2 COSMOS legacy field. This compilation contains 165,312 redshifts of 97,929 unique objects from 108 individual observing programs up to z ∼ 8 with median stellar mass ∼ 10^9 to 10^10 M_⊙ (redshift dependent). Rest-frame NUVrJ colors and SFR – stellar mass correlations show the compilation primarily contains low- to intermediate-mass star-forming and massive, quiescent galaxies at z < 1.25 and mostly low-mass bursty star-forming galaxies at z > 2. Sources in the compilation cover a diverse range of environments, including protoclusters such as “Hyperion”. The full compilation is 50% spectroscopically complete by i ∼ 23.2 and K_s ∼ 21.3 mag; however, this is redshift dependent. Spatially, the compilation is >50% complete within the CANDELS area, while the outer regions of COSMOS are >10% complete limited to i < 24 mag and K_S < 22.5 mag, separately. We demonstrate how the compilation can be used to validate photometric redshifts and investigate calibration metrics. By training self-organizing maps on COSMOS2020/Classic and projecting the compilation onto it, we find key galaxy subpopulations that currently lack spectroscopic coverage including z < 1 intermediate-mass quiescent galaxies and low-/intermediate-mass bursty star-forming galaxies, z ∼ 2 massive quiescent galaxies, and z > 3 massive star-forming galaxies. This approach highlights how combining self-organizing maps with our compilation can provide guidance for future spectroscopic observations to get a complete spectroscopic view of galaxy populations. Lastly, the compilation will undergo periodic data releases that incorporate new spectroscopic redshift measurements, providing a lasting legacy resource for the community.
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