Unraveling Sex Differences in Kidney Health and CKD: A Review of the Effect of Sex Hormones.

Sarah A van Eeghen,Natalie J Nokoff,Taryn G Vosters, Maartina J P Oosterom-Eijmael,David Z I CherneyTop Scholar,Irene G M van Valkengoed,Ye Ji Choi,Laura Pyle,Petter Bjornstad,Martin den HeijerTop Scholar,Daniël H van Raalte

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology CJASN（2024）

Department of Pediatrics | Division of Nephrology

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Abstract

Sexual dimorphism plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD. Men with CKD often exhibit faster kidney function decline, leading to higher rates of kidney failure and mortality compared with women. Studies suggest that sex hormones may influence this apparent dimorphism, although the mechanisms underlying these influences remain poorly understood. In this review, we first summarize recent findings on sex differences in the prevalence and progression of CKD. Subsequently, we will focus on ( 1 ) the role of sex hormones in these sex differences, ( 2 ) kidney structural and hemodynamic differences between men and women, ( 3 ) the influence of sex hormones on pathophysiological processes leading to kidney disease, including glomerular hyperfiltration and key pathways involved in kidney inflammation and fibrosis, and finally, focus on the consequences of the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials. Understanding these sex differences is critical for advancing precision medicine and improving outcomes for both men and women with CKD.

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【要点】：本文综述了性别差异在CKD发生和进展中的作用，特别是性激素的影响，并讨论了女性在临床试验中的代表性不足问题。

【方法】：论文通过文献回顾的方式，整理并分析了近年来关于CKD性别差异的流行病学和进展的研究，以及性激素在其中的作用。

【实验】：本文未涉及具体的实验研究，未提供数据集名称，主要是对现有研究成果的综述分析。