Vaccines in the Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance - Perspectives from South Africa.

A. Brink, A. Kgasi, A. Musyoki, B. Kagina,C. Feldman, D. Reddy, E. du Toit, E. Kalanxhi, J. Meyer, I. Impalli, M. Schonfeldt, M. Sibanda,N. Schellack, P. Skosana, S. Essack,S. Dlamini, Y. Ramsamy

South African Medical Journal（2024）

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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in which microbes adapt to and resist current therapies, is a well-recognised global problem that threatens to reverse gains made by modern medicine in the last decades. AMR is a complex issue; however, at its core, it is driven by the overuse and inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Socioeconomic factors have been identified as significant contributors to the emergence and exacerbation of AMR, especially in populations facing inadequate access to healthcare, poor sanitation services and high morbidity and mortality rates. Weak healthcare systems and water, sanitation and hygiene have been highlighted as fundamental risk factors for AMR emergence and transmission. Behavioural factors, such as purchasing antibiotics without a prescription from a registered healthcare professional, not completing the prescribed course or overly prolonged courses of antibiotics, using antibiotics to treat viral infections, lack of access to quality antibiotics, and the proliferation of substandard or falsified (SF) drugs, have also been identified as significant contributors to AMR. Low- and middle-income countries have a higher incidence of antibiotics being dispensed without a prescription than higher-income countries.

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Key words

antimicrobial resistance,healthcare,sanitation,hygiene,prescription

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【要点】：本文探讨了南非对抗生素耐药性（AMR）问题的视角，强调了疫苗接种在对抗AMR中的潜在作用，并分析了社会经济因素、脆弱的卫生系统和行为因素对AMR的影响。

【方法】：文章通过文献综述的方式，结合南非的实际情况，分析了AMR的主要驱动因素及其与社会经济和行为因素的关系。

【实验】：本文未提及具体实验或使用的数据集名称，重点在于理论分析和现状描述。