Associations Between Blood Markers of Glucose Metabolism and Characteristics of Circulating Lymphocytes

T. Schmitz,D. Freuer,J. Linseisen,C. Meisinger

CLINICAL NUTRITION（2024）

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Abstract

AIMS:The pathophysiology of diabetes is not fully understood; recent research indicates close relations with immunological alterations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between markers of glucose metabolism and characteristics of blood lymphocytes in a population-based cohort. METHODS:The analysis was based on data from 219 non-diabetic participants of the MEGA study in Augsburg, Germany, who were recruited between 2018 and 2021. The majority of participants were examined two different times with a time lag of 9 months. Fasting venous blood samples were taken and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed at both visits. Immune cells were analyzed from fresh blood using flow cytometry. The associations between fasting blood glucose levels, glucose levels at 2 h after oral glucose bolus and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations and the quantity of different lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using linear mixed regression models with random intercept. P values were FDR-adjusted. RESULTS:HbA1c was negatively associated with the marginal zone B cells (IgD + CD27+ B cells). Fasting glucose was positively associated with natural killer (NK) cells and 2-h OGTT glucose was positively associated with NKT cells. Finally, HbA1c showed significantly negative associations with the CD57-PD1-NKT cell subset. CONCLUSION:Markers of glucose metabolism showed significant associations with B cell, NK cell and NKT cell subsets, which clearly indicates a relation between glucose metabolism and the adaptive immune system.

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Key words

B cells,Fasting glucose,HbA1c,NK cells,Oral glucose tolerance test,T cells

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Pretraining has recently greatly promoted the development of natural language processing (NLP)
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【要点】：本研究探讨了血糖代谢指标与血液淋巴细胞特征之间的关联，揭示了糖尿病与免疫系统之间的联系。

【方法】：使用线性混合回归模型分析219名非糖尿病患者的人口队列数据，通过流式细胞术分析免疫细胞。

【实验】：在德国奥格斯堡的MEGA研究中，对参与者进行两次空腹静脉血样采集和口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），并使用流式细胞术分析淋巴细胞特征。结果显示HbA1c与边缘区B细胞（IgD+CD27+ B细胞）数量呈负相关，空腹血糖与自然杀伤（NK）细胞数量呈正相关，2小时OGTT血糖与NKT细胞数量呈正相关。HbA1c与CD57-PD1-NKT细胞亚群数量显著负相关。