Transforming Agriculture with Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and IoT: Perspectives from Ethiopia—challenges and Opportunities

Agriculture holds a crucial position in maintaining livelihoods and securing food sources, particularly in nations such as Ethiopia, where a substantial portion of the population depends on agricultural pursuits. However, meeting the growing demand for food production amidst population growth presents considerable challenges. Recent advancements in technology, particularly in the areas of Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and the Internet of Things (IoT) offer promising solutions to address these challenges. This paper explores the potential of integrating ML, DL, and IoT technologies in agriculture to revolutionize the sector. By harnessing data-driven insights, farmers can make informed decisions regarding crop management, soil health, and weather patterns, leading to optimized resource allocation and increased productivity. Moreover, IoT devices enable the real-time monitoring and control of agricultural operations, enhancing sustainability and productivity. Despite the opportunities presented by these technologies, there are also challenges to overcome, such as data quality, connectivity issues, and the need for farmer education. However, with concerted efforts and investment, Ethiopia and other agricultural regions can unlock the full potential of ML, DL, and IoT technologies to ensure food security, alleviate poverty, and drive economic development. This review paper offers perspectives on the present status, challenges, and future possibilities regarding the integration of ML, DL, and IoT in agriculture. It underscores the transformative potential of these technologies within the sector.