Design and Application of Magnetic Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Spontaneous Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Triazole Fungicides in Water, Juice, and Wine

In this study, a simple, rapid, and eco-friendly technique, magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based spontaneous liquid-liquid microextraction (MDES-SLLME), was developed to detect triazole fungicides in water, juice, and wine by UHPLC. The unreported SLLME involves injecting the extractant in the whole liquid-phase microextraction, shortening the extraction and separation time without device assistance. MDES produced by heating bio-derived solvent anisole and metal chloride ferric chloride was used as the extractant to reduce the consumption of toxic solvents. Based on the properties of anisole, MDES spontaneously formed small droplets in samples to complete extraction. Based on the properties of ferric chloride, MDES achieved magnetic separation under an external magnetic field. The method was applied to three matrices (water, juice, and wine). The concentration range was 0.007–0.7mgL−1, and the matrix effect range was 87.4%–94.9%. The limit of detection was 0.002mgL−1. The spiked recoveries ranged from 85.6% to 94.7%. The relative standard deviation ranged from 1.7%–6.3%. The SLLME requires attention as a potential complement to single-drop microextraction, hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction, and emulsive liquid-liquid microextraction.