Impact of Ramadan Observance on Physical Activity Barriers, Sleep Pattern, and Physical Fitness among Non-Fasting Type 1 Diabetes Patients

Aims This study aimed to explore sleep pattern, physical fitness and the barriers to physical activity (PA) during Ramadan observance among non-fasting individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) Methods Sixty-one patients with T1D (29 women, 32 men), who were non-fasting, completed pre- and during-Ramadan questionnaires, incorporating assessments such as the Barriers to PA (BAPAD1), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results During Ramadan, BAPAD1 scores exhibited a non-significant increase (p=0.378). Primary barriers encompassed hypoglycaemia risk, work schedules, diabetes control, and fatigue. The PSQI scores demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.01), revealing a deteriorated sleep quality. Sleep duration decreased by 58 minutes (p<0.01), was associated with later bedtimes and awakenings. PA levels notably decreased (p=0.042), particularly in vigorous activities (p=0.017), while sedentary time witnessed a significant increase (p=0.008). Conclusion Ramadan observance did not affect barriers to PA in individuals with T1D despite alteration of sleep pattern and PA practice. lifestyle alterations induced by Ramadan observance significantly impact individuals with T1D who are not fasting, resulting in reduced PA, shortened sleep duration, and increased sedentary time.