Contribution of the Light-Collection Non-Uniformity to the Energy Resolution for the Spaghetti-Type Calorimeter Modules

Vasilisa Guliaeva,Sergey Kholodenko,Evgenii Shmanin,Anna Anokhina

arXiv · Experiment（2024）

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Abstract

Spaghetti-type calorimeters (SpaCal) are being considered as a potential solution for experiments at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), particularly for the LHCb ECAL Upgrade 2 project where the expected instantaneous intensity and radiation dose in the central area of the ECAL significantly exceed the limits tolerable by the current Shashlik-type modules. SpaCal modules consist of an absorber block containing a matrix of holes filled with scintillating fibres, offering flexible granularity. However, the total number of scintillating fibres exceeds the available photocathode surface area, necessitating the use of a light guide to efficiently collect and register the light from the scintillating fibres to a single photomultiplier. This introduces non-uniformity in the light collection, which adversely impacts energy resolution. In this study, we explored various geometries of light guides with the optical ray-tracing simulations in order to collect scintillating light from a 30× 30 mm^2 surface to the photocathode of photomultipliers with the following entrance window: 18× 18 mm^2 (e.g. R7600), 9× 9 mm^2 (multi-anode version, e.g. R7600-M4), and round photocathode ⊘ 8 mm (e.g. R9880). The light collection non-uniformity impact on the energy resolution is estimated.

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【要点】：本文研究了光收集不均匀性对Spaghetti型 calorimeter模块能量分辨率的影响，并提出优化光导几何形状的方法以改善能量分辨率。

【方法】：通过光学光线追踪模拟，研究不同光导几何形状对30×30 mm²面积上的闪烁光收集效率。

【实验】：利用光学模拟软件对18×18 mm²、9×9 mm²以及⊘ 8 mm圆形光阴极的PM Tube进行模拟，评估光收集不均匀性对能量分辨率的影响。

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