The Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE): a Space Mission for Mid-Infrared Nulling Interferometry

Adrian M. Glauser,Sascha P. Quanz，Robin Wordsworth,Mark Wyatt

OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY AND IMAGING IX（2024）

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Abstract

The Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) is a proposed space mission that enables the spectral characterization of the thermal emission of exoplanets in the solar neighborhood. The mission is designed to search for global atmospheric biosignatures on dozens of temperate terrestrial exoplanets and it will naturally investigate the diversity of other worlds. Here, we review the status of the mission concept, discuss the key mission parameters, and outline the trade-offs related to the mission's architecture. In preparation for an upcoming concept study, we define a mission baseline based on a free-formation flying constellation of a double Bracewell nulling interferometer that consists of 4 collectors and a central beam-combiner spacecraft. The interferometric baselines are between 10-600 m, and the estimated diameters of the collectors are at least 2 m (but will depend on the total achievable instrument throughput). The spectral required wavelength range is 6-16 mu m (with a goal of 4-18.5 mu m), hence cryogenic temperatures are needed both for the collectors and the beam combiners. One of the key challenges is the required deep, stable, and broad-band nulling performance while maintaining a high system throughput for the planet signal. Among many ongoing or needed technology development activities, the demonstration of the measurement principle under cryogenic conditions is fundamentally important for LIFE.

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Key words

Nulling,Interferometry,Space,Mission,LIFE,exoplanets

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【要点】：LIFE任务是一项提议中的空间任务，旨在通过中红外干涉测量技术对太阳系附近行星的热辐射进行光谱特性分析，以寻找数十个温带类地行星的大气生物标志。

【方法】：该任务采用自由飞行编队，由一个包含4个收集器和中央光束合成器航天器的双重Bracewell消光干涉仪构成。

【实验】：研究团队正在准备进行概念研究，并基于10-600米的干涉仪基线和至少2米直径的收集器（具体尺寸取决于仪器总体的透过率），在6-16微米（目标为4-18.5微米）的波长范围内进行光谱测量，需要在收集器和光束合成器中保持低温条件，同时克服深层次、稳定且宽带的消光性能与高系统透过率的挑战。目前，关键的技术发展活动之一是在低温条件下验证测量原理。