Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Osteosarcoma Therapy and Bone Regeneration

Osteosarcoma, the predominant bone malignancy, poses significant challenges due to its high metastatic potential and recurrence rates. Accounting for a substantial percentage of malignant bone tumors, osteosarcoma particularly affects children and adolescents. Despite standard treatment combining surgery and multi-drug chemotherapy, systemic drug administration presents limitations, leading to compromised patient quality of life and severe side effects. New strategies are needed to address these challenges and enhance efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Here, we explore drug delivery platforms in the context of osteosarcoma treatment. We delve into both systemic and local delivery approaches, highlighting recent advances in controlled drug release triggered by various stimuli, modifications for targeted delivery, and co-delivery of chemotherapeutics using nano-platforms. Additionally, we discuss innovations in local delivery methods, including implantable nanoparticles, injectable hydrogels, and scaffolds. Despite these advancements, challenges and limitations persist, emphasizing the need for continued research. We conclude by offering perspectives on the potential of multifunctional scaffolds in revolutionizing osteosarcoma drug delivery, thereby paving the way for improved patient survival and enhanced quality of life. Drug delivery platforms are needed for combatting osteosarcoma, which accounts for a large proportion of malignant bone tumors. This Review highlights recent progress in drug delivery methods, including systemic nanoparticle-based drug delivery and local strategies such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and scaffolds, while addressing ongoing challenges and future research needs.