Tannic Acid-Modified Acellular Dermal Matrix Dressings for Promoting Full-Thickness Wound Healing

Wound healing is a significant clinical and public health concern, and wound dressings are currently the primary method for addressing it. This study aimed to develop a multifunctional, all-natural wound dressing with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties using porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM), a bioderived material that closely resembles the structure of human skin. The cells were decellularized using hypertonic salt and strong alkaline to remove immunogenicity while retaining the extracellular matrix. Subsequently, the wound dressing was prepared through tannic acid modification. In vitro cytotoxicity, scratch, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial tests were used to assess the multifunctionality of the biomaterials. A full-thickness skin defect wound was created in rats, and the wound healing was analyzed using gross and histological staining. The results indicated that tannic acid-modified acellular dermal matrix exhibits favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In vitro experiments demonstrated its effective inhibition of the growth of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. It can downregulate nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the dressing can enhance wound healing. Therefore, tannic acid-modified acellular dermal matrix accelerates wound healing through anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Its excellent properties make it a potential biological material for promoting wound healing.