Single-star Warm-Jupiter Systems Tend to Be Aligned, Even Around Hot Stellar Hosts: No T Eff-Λ Dependency
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS(2024)
Indiana Univ | Yale Univ | Carnegie Inst Sci | Univ Hawaii | NSFs Natl Opt Infrared Astron Res Lab | Observ Carnegie Inst Sci | Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian | NASA | MIT | Princeton Univ
Abstract
The stellar obliquity distribution of warm-Jupiter systems is crucial for constraining the dynamical history of Jovian exoplanets, as the warm Jupiters' tidal detachment likely preserves their primordial obliquity. However, the sample size of warm-Jupiter systems with measured stellar obliquities has historically been limited compared to that of hot Jupiters, particularly in hot-star systems. In this work, we present newly obtained sky-projected stellar obliquity measurements for the warm-Jupiter systems TOI-559, TOI-2025, TOI-2031, TOI-2485, TOI-2524, and TOI-3972, derived from the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, and show that all six systems display alignment with a median measurement uncertainty of 13 degrees. Combining these new measurements with the set of previously reported stellar obliquity measurements, our analysis reveals that single-star warm-Jupiter systems tend to be aligned, even around hot stellar hosts. This alignment exhibits a 3.4 sigma deviation from the T eff-lambda dependency observed in hot-Jupiter systems, where planets around cool stars tend to be aligned, while those orbiting hot stars show considerable misalignment. The current distribution of spin-orbit measurements for Jovian exoplanets indicates that misalignments are neither universal nor primordial phenomena affecting all types of planets. The absence of misalignments in single-star warm-Jupiter systems further implies that many hot Jupiters, by contrast, have experienced a dynamically violent history.
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Key words
Planetary alignment,Exoplanet dynamics,Exoplanet evolution,Star-planet interactions,Exoplanets,Planetary theory
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