Layer-by-layer Fabrication of Covalent Organic Frameworks on Stainless Steel Needles As Solid-Phase Microextraction Probe Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Enrichment and Determination of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Biosamples

Sunitinib, N-desmethyl imatinib, dasatinib, imatinib, and bosutinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are commonly employed in the treatment of a multitude of cancers. However, the inappropriate concentrations of TKIs can result in ineffective treatment or the emergence of multiple adverse effects. Consequently, the development of a rapid and sensitive analytical method for TKIs is of paramount importance for the safe administration of drugs. In this work, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probe combined with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) coupling platform was constructed for rapid and sensitive determination of TKIs. The covalent organic frameworks (COFs) coated SPME probe was made of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and 2,5-dibutoxyterephthalaldehyde (DBTA) by in-situ layer-by-layer chemical bonding synthesis strategy. The TAPT-DBTA-SPME probe exhibited several advantageous properties which rendered it suitable for the enrichment of TKIs. Under the optimal conditions, the developed analytical method demonstrated a broad linear range (0.05-500.00 µg/L), a low limit of detection (0.02 µg/L) and a high enrichment factor (51-203) for TKIs. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of TKIs in mouse plasma and tissue matrix, demonstrating that the proposed analytical method has promise for clinical applications and metabolic monitoring.