Graphene Metasurfaces-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Virus Detection with Sensitivity Enhancement Using Perovskite Materials

This paper introduces a biosensor based on graphene metasurfaces, designed for virus detection in the terahertz (THz) regime. The proposed sensor comprises four resonators arranged in a semicircular configuration, strategically engineered to achieve enhanced sensitivity and overall performance. Computational simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.2 were employed to optimize geometric parameters and analyze the sensor’s behavior. By integrating Au, SrTiO₃, graphene, and black phosphorus, the biosensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity to refractive index (RI) variations associated with various viruses. The maximum sensitivity demonstrated by the sensor is 4556 GHzRIU−1. Other remarkable performance metrics include a figure of merit of 8.499 RIU−1, a quality factor of 1.131, and a minimum detection limit of 0.149. Electric field distribution analysis reveals optimal absorption at 0.4 THz. Furthermore, the biosensor demonstrates the potential for 2-bit encoding applications. Compared to existing designs, the proposed biosensor offers significantly higher sensitivity for virus detection. The integration of advanced nanomaterials and metasurface design principles presents a promising avenue for rapid, label-free virus sensing, with potential applications in healthcare and biosecurity.