Changes in Outcome of Patients with Advanced Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma from the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Era to the Immuno-Oncology Era

The therapeutic benefit of immuno-oncology (IO) therapy for patients with advanced non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) remains unclear. We reviewed clinical data from 93 patients with advanced nccRCC who received first-line systemic therapy including IO combination therapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy at our affiliated institutions. Patients were divided based on the period when the treatment was implemented as the standard of care into the IO and TKI eras. Survival and tumor response outcomes were compared between the IO and TKI eras. Of the 93 patients, 50 (54