Hygrothermal Resilience of Typical Lightweight Steel-Framed Wall Assemblies in Hot-Humid Areas under Future Climate Uncertainty

Ensuring the hygrothermal performance of lightweight steel-framed (LSF) wall assemblies is critical for the sustainability of LSF buildings in hot-humid regions; however, climate change poses new challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to bridge the gap in understanding the characteristics of hygrothermal load changes and the hygrothermal resilience of different LSF wall assemblies. Future climate data for each decade of this century (from 2030 to 2090), under various carbon emission scenarios, were generated based on a typical meteorological year (TMY) for hot-humid areas to evaluate the impact of climate change on hygrothermal loads. The hygrothermal resilience of four typical LSF wall assemblies, with either ventilated rainscreen cladding or face-sealed stucco cladding, with or without external insulation, was evaluated through simulation and comparative analysis. The results indicated that the thermal load would increase with increasing carbon emissions and over time, with the annual average external temperature peaking at 25.8 degrees C by the end of this century. The frequency of months with a high or critical moisture load would increase, although the moisture load may fluctuate across scenarios and years. Consequently, the cooling and dehumidification loads may increase by 52-60 % and 40-88 %, respectively. The hygrothermal risk within the walls may increase, with maximum increases of 2.8-8.0 % in the annual average relative humidity, 2.7-3.0 degrees C in the annual average temperature, and 10-35 % in the wetness duration. However, the impacts could be reduced by using ventilated rainscreens and external insulation, with further precautions needed to mitigate the increasing hygrothermal risk in areas with thermal bridges and rainwater leakage, as well as at the outer interface of the external insulation. These findings could provide a reference for the design of LSF buildings adapted to climate change in hot-humid areas.