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    • Development and Evaluation of a Point-of-care Ultrasound Curriculum for Paramedics in Germany – a Prospective Observational Study and Comparison

    Christopher Jonck,Andreas Michael Weimer, Beatrice Fundel, Wolfgang Heinz,Daniel Merkel,Hendrik Fiedel,Carlotta Ille,Roman Kloeckner,Holger Buggenhagen,Tim Piepho,Johannes Weimer

    BMC Medical Education（2024）

    Rudolf Frey Learning Clinic | University Hospital Heidelberg | Hospital Maria Hilf Krefeld | Helios Klinik Rottweil | BIKUS - Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound | DRK Rettungsdienst in Der Region Hannover gGmbH | University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck | Brothers of Mercy Hospital

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    Abstract
    Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is steadily growing in use in prehospital emergency medicine. While currently used primarily by emergency physicians, POCUS could also be employed by paramedics to support diagnosis and decision-making. Yet to date, no paramedicine-targeted POCUS curricula exist in Germany. Furthermore, given time and resource constraints in paramedic training, it is unclear whether paramedics could feasibly learn POCUS for prehospital deployment. Hence, this study outlines the development and implementation of a comprehensive POCUS curriculum for paramedics. Through this curriculum, we investigate whether paramedics can attain proficiency in POCUS comparable to other user groups. In this prospective observational study, we first developed a blended learning-based POCUS curriculum specifically for paramedics, focusing on basic principles, the RUSH-Protocol and ultrasound guided procedures. Participants underwent digital tests to measure their theoretical competence before (T1) and after the digital preparation phase (T2), as well as at the end of the on-site phase (T3). At time point T3, we additionally measured practical competence using healthy subjects and simulators. We compared the theoretical competence and the practical competence on a simulator with those of physicians and medical students who had also completed ultrasound training. Furthermore, we carried out self-assessment evaluations, as well as evaluations of motivation and curriculum satisfaction. The paramedic study group comprised n = 72 participants. In the theoretical test, the group showed significant improvement between T1 and T2 (p < 0.001) and between T2 and T3 (p < 0.001). In the practical test on healthy subjects at T3, the group achieved high results (87.0
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    Key words
    Point-of-care sonography,POCUS,Ultrasound training,Curriculum development,Imaging,Sonography,Ultrasound training,Blended learning,Paramedic,Emergency medical service,Emergency medical technician,Emergency medicine,Prehospital
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    【要点】：本研究开发并评估了一种针对德国急救人员的便携式超声（POCUS）课程，探讨了急救人员通过该课程能否达到与其他用户群体相当的水平，具有开创性和实用性。
    

    【方法】：研究采用前瞻性观察研究方法，开发了一套混合式学习的POCUS课程，并通过对急救人员在理论及实践方面的测试来评估其学习成效。
    

    【实验】：72名急救人员参与了本课程的学习，通过三个阶段（T1、T2、T3）的理论测试和T3阶段的实践测试（使用健康志愿者和模拟器），结果显示理论知识和实践技能均有显著提升，并在实践测试中达到了高水平的成果（87.0分）。同时，与完成超声培训的医生和医学生进行了比较，并进行了自我评估及对课程动机和满意度的评价。
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