Exploring Mechanisms of Anhedonia in Depression Through Neuroimaging and Data-Driven Approaches

Background Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression that is closely related to prognosis and treatment outcomes. However, accurate and efficient treatments for anhedonia are lacking, mandating a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Methods A total of 303 patients diagnosed with depression and anhedonia were assessed by the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patients were categorized into a low-anhedonia group and a high-anhedonia group using the K-means algorithm. A data-driven approach was used to explore the differences in brain structure and function with different degrees of anhedonia based on MATLAB. A random forest model was used exploratorily to test the predictive ability of differences in brain structure and function on anhedonia in depression. Results Structural and functional differences were apparent in several brain regions of patients with depression and high-level anhedonia, including in the temporal lobe, paracingulate gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, right insular gyrus, and superior parietal lobule. And changes in these brain regions were significantly correlated with scores of SHAPS. Conclusions These brain regions may be useful as biomarkers that provide a more objective assessment of anhedonia in depression, laying the foundation for precision medicine in this treatment-resistant, relatively poor prognosis group.