Highly Efficient Phosphorus Removal by a Novel Prolonged Stirring Pelleting Coagulation for Sludge Water Treatment

Sludge water with high total phosphorus (TP) and suspended solids (SS) easily causes the effluent quality to be substandard in wastewater treatment plants. Although the conventional coagulation process can achieve TP removal, higher sludge production occurred due to loose flocs generation. The prolonged stirring pelleting coagulation (PSPC) process, based on one-by-one agglomeration and mechanical syneresis theories, was proposed to achieve compact flocs and reduced sludge production. Compared with the conventional coagulation process, the removal efficiency of TP was improved by >20 %, settling volume was reduced by about 30 %, and the dosages of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were saved by 50 % and 30 %, respectively in the PSPC process. The PSPC process produced pellet-like flocs with the d(50) of 6.27 mm, settling velocity of 21.07 mm/s, effective density of 0.1411 g/cm(3), and three-dimensional fractal dimension (D-3) of 2.094 under the optimal conditions of 50 mg/L PAC and 10 mg/L PAM. With the d(50) decreased from 38.38 mu m to 21.81 mu m, fragmentation of primary particles was realized by high-intensity stirring. Therefore, the mechanism of the PSPC process involves reducing voids in primary particles, achieving regular combination of microflocs under appropriate PAC, PAM, and hydraulic control. The PSPC process shows promising prospects for treating high SS wastewater and may have practical implications for enhancing coagulation.