Swift-BAT GUANO Follow-Up of Gravitational-Wave Triggers in the Third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

Gayathri Raman, Samuele Ronchini， M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig

arXiv · High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena（2024）

Cited 0|Views7

Abstract

We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received in low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum–likelihood NITRATES pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15-350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10^-3 Hz, we compute the GW–BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers.

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【要点】：本文通过Swift-BAT对第三轮LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA观测运行期间接收到的引力波候选事件进行X射线/伽马射线对应体搜索，未发现任何与引力波事件同时空对应的电磁辐射，为双黑洞合并的电磁辐射提供了限制。

【方法】：研究使用Swift Burst Alert Telescope（Swift-BAT）和NITRATES pipeline，在BAT数据上执行最大似然搜索，以寻找与引力波候选事件在时间和空间上对应的电磁辐射。

【实验】：实验利用Swift-BAT对636个低延迟引力波候选事件进行搜索，其中86个被离线分析确认为引力波事件（GWTC-3目录）。研究未检测到任何与引力波候选事件同时空对应的电磁辐射，并报告了所有目录候选事件在15-350 keV波段的天文位置流量上限。对于Swift-BAT虚警率小于10^-3 Hz的引力波候选事件，计算了引力波-BAT联合虚警率。数据集名称为第三轮LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA观测运行数据（O3）和Swift-BAT数据。

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