Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Latin America: 10-Year Experience of the Latin American DILI (LATINDILI) Network Drug-induced Liver Injury in Latin America

Background and aims Latin America is a region of great interest for studying the clinical presentation of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). A comprehensive analysis of patients enrolled into the LATINDILI Network over a decade is presented. Methods Demographics, clinical presentation, histological findings and outcome of prospectively recruited DILI cases in the LATINDILI Network were analyzed. Suspected culprit drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification. Causality was assessed using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) scale. Results Overall, 468 idiosyncratic DILI cases were analyzed (62% women, mean age 49 years). Hepatocellular injury predominated (62%), jaundice was present in 60% of patients and 42% were hospitalized. 4.1% of the cases had a fatal outcome, and 24 (12%) patients developed chronic DILI. The most common drug classes were systemic anti-infectives (31%), musculoskeletal agents (12%), antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (11%), and herbal and dietary supplements (HDS, 9%). Notably, none of the patients with DILI due to antibacterials or immunosuppressants had a fatal outcome. In fact, Hy's law showed to have drug-specific predictive value, with anti-tuberculosis drugs, nimesulide and HDS associated with the worst outcome, whereas DILI caused by amoxicillin-clavulanate, nitrofurantoin and diclofenac that fulfilled Hy's law did not have a fatal outcome. Conclusion Features of DILI in Latin America are comparable to other prospective registries. However, the pattern of drugs responsible for DILI differs. An increasing incidence of HDS, with high mortality rate, and likewise nimesulide and nitrofurantoin was noted. Thus, public health policies should raise awareness of the potential adverse effects of these compounds.