Recent Progress and Challenges in Graphene Quantum Dots As Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

Cancer chemotherapy requires advancement with new modalities to enhance the catalytic reaction in anticancer therapy and minimize the toxic side effects of drugs. Graphene quantum dots (GQD) are a zero-dimensional nanomaterial possessing strong quantum effects and unique distinct optical properties. GQDs were synthesized using low-cost methodologies, which can be a choice for research fraternities for biomedical applications. GQDs can be functionalized with drugs, chemicals, genes, and chemical moieties to improve their specificity for targeting cells. This review explores recent advancements in the synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their promising applications in the field of biomedicine. The present review will substantiate the new scientific approach aspiring to use GQD as a novel material for infectious/non-infectious disease management.