Optimization of CWPO for the Crystal Violet and Methyl Orange Dyes Degradation in the Presence of Copper-Impregnated Moroccan Clay

Effectively removing textile dyes from wastewater is a challenging task that requires attention. This study explored the potential of copper-impregnated Moroccan clay (Cu@MC) as a catalyst to degrade the synthetic dyes Crystal Violet (CV) and Methyl Orange (MeO) from simulated wastewater using the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) technique. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Moroccan natural resources impregnated with a noble metal to facilitate the degradation process. To characterize the main surface functions of Cu@MC, several techniques were used, including FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and BET. Box Behnken's response surface methodology was used to optimize CWPO conditions, including catalyst dose, dye concentration, and hydrogen peroxide. The proposed models were significant, according to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Box Behnken design findings showed the highest removal rates of 99.72% and 29.80% of CV and MeO, respectively. This result was achieved under optimum conditions of 0.75 g L-1 catalyst dose, 20 mg L-1 dye concentration, at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 6 mmol L-1. Overall, the study revealed that the Cu@MC catalyst has a high potential for effectively removing textile dyes from wastewater using the CWPO technique. The study highlights a promising strategy for developing effective and efficient wastewater treatment methods.