A Power-Consumption Analysis for Different IPoWDM Network Architectures with ZR/ZR+ and Long-Haul Muxponders

We quantify and compare the power consumption of four IPoWDM transport network architectures employing ZR/ZR+ modules, considering different grooming, regeneration, and optical bypass capabilities. Results show that optical bypass is still the most power-efficient solution, reducing consumption by up to 30