Review of Properties, Synthesis, and Energy Applications of Borophene, a Novel Boron-Based 2D Material

At least 16 bulk polymorphs of linked icosahedrons exist in boron that are not found in other materials, due to the low covalent radius and sp2 hybridization capacity of boron atoms. One of these is borophene, an exciting new nanomaterial with a wide range of possible energy uses. The existence of borophene, a two-dimensional (2D) material, has been proven by both theoretical and experimental studies. Borophene's high theoretical specific capacities, magnetic conductivity, and ion transport properties make it a promising candidate in energy applications. In this study, firstly, the structure, chemical, and physical properties of borophene were mentioned. Then, in terms of synthesis approaches, both top-down and bottom-up techniques (such as atomic layer deposition (ALD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), exfoliation by sonochemistry, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and multi-step thermal decomposition (MTD) for ultrahigh-vacuum borophene deposition technologies) were discussed. Finally, its use as a catalyst in high-metal-ion batteries, hydrogen storage (HS), Nanoelectronics applications hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was mentioned.