Risk of Acute Kidney Injury Following Contrast-Enhanced CT or MRI in a Cohort of 3061 Hospitalized Children in China.

To compare the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) between hospitalized children who received intravenous contrast media for imaging examinations and those who did not. This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients aged 0–18 years with serum creatinine levels before and after imaging examinations from 2015 to 2020 at Beijing Children’s Hospital. Participants were classified into an exposure group or a control group. Log-binomial regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) value for the association between exposure to contrast media and consequential AKI. After which, inverse probability treatment weighting was used to reduce systematic differences in baseline characteristics among the groups. Moreover, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for pediatric AKI. In total, 3061 pediatric patients were included in the analyses (median age, 4.5 [IQR, 1.3–8.9] years, 1760 males). According the KDIGO definition of AKI, the incidence of AKI in the exposure group, and the control group were 7.4