Sleep-Disordered Breathing Profiles in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: Kurume SDB-CVD Study

Background: While evidence links sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), comprehensive insights and detailed profiles of CVD patients with SDB remain scarce. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of CVD patients complicated by SDB. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled all consecutive patients who underwent screening tests for SDB during hospitalization at Kurume University Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. To explore the relationship between SDB severity and clinical data, we classified SDB severity into four groups and assessed its prevalence and severity across different CVDs, categorized by sex and age. Results: A total of 5,765 patients were enrolled. Desaturation during sleep in SDB was significantly worse in terms of age, sex, daytime resting oxygen saturation (SpO2), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse pressure, body mass index (BMI), white blood cell count, hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, N-terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiothoracic ratio on chest X-ray, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on echocardiography (all p-values < 0.001, except for SBP p=0.002, and NT-proBNP p=0.004). Daytime SpO2 and BMI strongly correlated across ages. Differences in renal function, diabetes control, and LVEF were notable between sex and ages. Analysis also showed the more prevalence and severity of SDB in coronary artery disease and heart failure, versus lower in pulmonary hypertension. Heatmaps of daytime SpO2 and BMI can effectively predict the severe SDB in patients with CVDs, suggesting the potential for efficient therapeutic interventions for SDB. Conclusion: Coronary artery disease and heart failure were associated with a higher prevalence and a greater risk of moderate to severe SDB, typically in older patients. Notably, low SpO2 during daytime and elevated BMI were indicative of SDB across all age categories for both sexes. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Clinical Trial This study is retrospective, and not registered. ### Funding Statement This research received no external funding. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The present study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Kurume University Hospital (approval no. 20181). I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy restrictions.