A comprehensive assessment of a prototype high ratio antiscatter grid in interventional cardiology using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations

Objective. To assess the performance of a new antiscatter grid design in interventional cardiology for image quality improvement and dose reduction using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Approach. Experimental measurements were performed on an angiography system, using a multi-layered tissue simulating composite phantom made from of poly(methyl methacrylate), aluminium and expanded polystyrene (2/0.2/0.7 cm). The total phantom thickness ranged from 20.3 cm to 40.6 cm. Four conditions were compared; (A) 105 cm source-image receptor distance (SID) without grid, (B i) 105 cm SID with grid ratio (r) and strip density (N) (r15N80), (B ii) 120 cm SID without grid, and (Biii) 120 cm SID with high ratio grid (r29N80). The system efficiency (eta), defined by the signal-to-noise ratio, was compared from the B conditions against case A. These conditions were also simulated with MC techniques, allowing additional phantom compositions to be explored. Weighted image quality improvement factor (eta w (u)) was studied experimentally at a specific spatial frequency due to the SID change. Images were simulated with an anthropomorphic chest phantom for the different conditions, and the system efficiency was compared for the different anatomical regions. Main results. Good agreement was found between the eta and eta w (u) methods using both measured and simulated data, with average relative differences between 2%-11%. Case B iii provided higher eta values compared to A, and B i for thicknesses larger than 20.3 cm. In addition, case B iii also provided higher eta values for high attenuating areas in the anthropomorphic phantom, such as behind the spine. Significance. The new antiscatter grid design provided higher system efficiency compared to the standard grid for the parameters explored in this work.