Numerical modeling of bamboo fences with various infill porosities deployed for mangrove restoration

As part of mangrove restoration initiatives eco-friendly fence has been implemented in eroded coastal areas in recent years. These fences provide the capacity to mitigate incoming wave energy and facilitate sediment deposition, thereby promoting the establishment and maintenance of mangrove habitats. Nevertheless, it is crucial to investigate the influence of the infill porosity on the wave dissipation performance of these fences, as the infill porosity can vary considerably across different restoration projects. The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between the infill porosity and wave dissipation effectiveness to identify more efficient designs for these eco-friendly restoration measures. The experiments involving wave interactions with fence models were conducted in a wave flume measuring 0.8 m in width and 25 m in length. Four wooden fences with distinct infill porosities ranging from 0.60 to 0.90 were strategically positioned to assess wave transmission, reflection, and dissipation phenomena under 18 distinct wave conditions. Additionally, the simulating waves till shore (SWASH)model was employed to calibrate critical bulk drag coefficient parameters and simulate the flow velocity distribution surrounding the fences under the experimental wave conditions. The findings indicated that a fence with a reduced infill porosity exhibits a higher wave transmission coefficient. However, this is accompanied by a higher reflection coefficient and lower wave energy dissipation within the fence. Both the infill porosity and incident wave conditions influence the flow velocity distribution characteristics in the vicinity of the fences. The area where the interaction between waves and fences is the most prominent is concentrated in the upper water layer immediately adjacent to the frontal section of the fences. Understanding the velocity distribution and hydrodynamic characteristics of the fence area aids in better determining the suitable porosity of fill materials for engineering applications.