Teegarden’s Star Revisited

S. Dreizler, R. Luque，G. Stefánsson,J. I. Vico Linares

Astronomy &amp Astrophysics（2024）

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Abstract

The two known planets in the planetary system of Teegarden’s Star are among the most Earth-like exoplanets currently known. Revisiting this nearby planetary system with two planets in the habitable zone aims at a more complete census of planets around very low-mass stars. A significant number of new radial velocity measurements from CARMENES, ESPRESSO, MAROON-X, and HPF, as well as photometry from TESS motivated a deeper search for additional planets. We confirm and refine the orbital parameters of the two know planets Teegarden’s Star b and c. We also report the detection of a third planet d with an orbital period of 26.13 ± 0.04 days and a minimum mass of 0.82 ± 0.17 M⊕. A signal at 96 days is attributed to the stellar rotation period. The interpretation of a signal at 172 days remains open. The TESS data exclude transiting short-period planets down to about half an Earth radius. We compare the planetary system architecture of very low-mass stars. In the currently known configuration, the planetary system of Teegarden’s star is dynamically quite different from that of TRAPPIST-1, which is more compact, but dynamically similar to others such as GJ 1002.

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【要点】：本文通过新的径向速度和光电测量数据，对Teegarden星系进行了深入研究，确认并细化了已知两颗行星的轨道参数，并发现了第三颗行星，进一步揭示了低质量恒星行星系统的结构特征。

【方法】：使用CARMENES、ESPRESSO、MAROON-X和HPF等设备进行径向速度测量，结合TESS光电数据，对Teegarden星系进行综合分析。

【实验】：通过分析新的径向速度数据和TESS光电数据，确认了Teegarden星b和c两颗已知行星的轨道参数，并发现了第三颗行星d，轨道周期为26.13 ± 0.04天，最小质量为0.82 ± 0.17 M⊕。TESS数据排除了半径小于地球半径一半的短周期行星。