Electromagnetic Safety Analysis and Optimization of Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Applications

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology enhances the portability, safety, and flexibility of electric vehicle charging. However, the leakage of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from the coupling coils, which are in an open environment, may pose health risks. In this paper, we first establish a mathematical model of the electromagnetic field for coupling coils in wireless charging applications for electric vehicles. Based on this model, the influence of excitation current and coil turns on leakage EMF is analyzed. Subsequently, we optimize the turns of the coupling coil through simulation to ensure that the leakage EMF meets relevant safety standards while maintaining the power level of the system, ensuring that the leakage EMF in the human-accessible area during full-power operation does not affect human health. Finally, we validate the electromagnetic safety of the system through simulation and experimentation. This paper provides guidance for the electromagnetic safety design and optimization of wireless charging systems applied to electric vehicles.