Sleep Quality and ACE Polymorphism Can Influence the Cardiac Autonomic Modulation of Adolescents

Objective: Evaluate the association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism and sleep quality influence the cardiac autonomic modulation of adolescents. Methods: 243 adolescents were divided into four groups: II+GSQ (II + Good Sleep Quality); II+PSQ (II + Poor Sleep Quality); ID/DD+GSQ (ID/DD + Good Sleep Quality); ID/DD+PSQ (ID/DD + Poor Sleep Quality). Blood pressure, body composition, physical activity level, sleep disorder, and sexual maturation were assessed to characterize the groups. Afterward, an electrocardiogram was performed to analyze heart rate variability, and oral mucosal cells was collected for genotypic research of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Results: The main finding of this study was a change in vagal action, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Heart rate (HR) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in the DD/DI+GSQ and DD/DI+PSQ groups in relation to the other groups. Conclusion: Adolescents with the D allele of ACE I/D polymorphism negatively influence Heart rate variability (HRV) regardless of sleep quality, and lousy sleep also negatively affects HRV. The two factors (D allele and PSQ) are even more harmful to the adolescent population, leading to various cardiovascular problems.