Secondary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma following Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

We report 10 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) post-haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).. Median latency from HSCT to oral SCC diagnosis was 10 years (range: 4-17 years) with 90% reporting a history of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and 40% exhibited active severe manifestations of oral GVHD. Clinical findings at diagnosis included induration, ulceration, tenderness, bleeding, hyperkeratosis, speckling and lymphadenopathy. The tongue and buccal mucosa were the commonest sites affected. Disease stage at presentation ranged from T1N0M0 to T4N2M0. Management included surgical resection in 90% of cases ± chemo/radiotherapy. Median follow-up for the cohort was l years with 50% mortality rate. SCC-specific mortality was 30%. Our data highlight the importance of regular, active oral and cutaneous surveillance of post-HSCT patients in specialised dermatology clinics, irrespective of GVHD severity and length of iatrogenic immunosuppression.