Rock Sources for Gravestones at the Islamic Cemetery of Rawansar: A Geological Perspective

Stone has played a crucial role in human history, serving both geological and stratigraphical purposes. Throughout the ages, it has been an essential material, providing raw resources for various applications. From prehistoric lithic tools to architectural elements, stone has significantly impacted our development. In cemeteries, stone has taken on a major role due to its physical resistance and durability. Different communities have considered and traded stones for tombs and graves, recognizing their value in memorialization. In recent years, the importance of stone materials has grown, particularly for grave inscriptions. Today, numerous varieties of stone are used in cemeteries, and the practice of stone trading and selection has expanded for tombstone purposes. An illustration of this transfer and import of stone can be observed in the Islamic cemetery of Ravansar. This cemetery, which is the focus of this article, is primarily composed of geological rocks and indigenous materials, such as limestone from the Bisetoun Formation. However, stones used in the Islamic cemetery of Ravansar, dating back nearly a century, are made of green sandstones specifically sourced from surrounding areas. In a study examining the geological potential for trade routes supplying stone to the Islamic cemetery of Ravansar, researchers have reviewed the available evidence, including social and ethnographic factors. This analysis has been approved and serves as a testament to the historical and cultural significance of stone in our society.