Nanoindentation responses of Fe−Cr alloys from room temperature to 600 °C

In this work, the evolution of nanomechanical properties was studied systematically as a function of temperature, chemical, and microstructural complexity of different Fe-based alloys. Experiments were performed at different temperatures (room temperature, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C) using the nanoindentation technique on low activation Fe9Cr−1WVTa (Eurofer97), model Fe-9Cr−NiSiP, Fe−9Cr alloys, and pure iron samples, followed by microstructural observations. The results show varying softening and hardening effects depending on the experimental temperature, demonstrating Portevin-Le-Chatelier effect, i.e., dynamic strain aging phenomenon in model alloys. Sources of the dynamic strain aging instabilities were traced back to the interaction between dislocations and alloying elements such as interstitial carbon and substitutional chromium. The materials undergo dynamic recovery and recrystallization below the regions of high-temperature indentation depending on the pre-indentation dislocation density and the alloy composition. Our findings help in the understanding of the structure and mechanical property relationship in complex Eurofer97 alloy at high-temperatures for potential nuclear applications as structural materials.